The War Is Over. Tell Your Friends

What I’m thinking about, according to a scan of this site. My skin. And, apparently, conflicted sexuality. Image via Wordle
I should be on Al Jazeera this week, on The Stream. I’m a UK expert, commenting on the phone-hacking scandal. Just kidding, but isn’t it funny that Sri Lanka experts are usually sitting abroad? Not that I’m an expert, I’ve made clear my dubious nationality, but I guess I do live here and don’t have enough money to fly out, which is a sort of citizenship.
Their topic is Sri Lanka post-war. I think this topic is borne more out foreign misperceptions of Sri Lanka. For a long time Sri Lanka was defined only within the war frame. Indeed, many local people/publications (like Groundviews) have trouble adjusting to a post-war mindset. They’re still all war all the time while the average Sri Lankan is like, ‘breakfast?’ Have a look at a word cloud of Groundviews current feed.

This is two years after the war, but war and conflict still dominate the conversation. Contrast that with the Daily Mirror,

which seems to be nestling the barren Ranil’s teat this week, funny since the paper is owned by his family, or – long sentence here, stick with me -

The Sunday Leader, which – despite being the main opposition paper – mentions the war none at all. Neither of the newspapers do. As you can see from my word cloud, I also don’t. We’ve all kinda moved on.
Where The War Is Still Important
Seriously, it’s over. The war is over and the only people that can’t really accept it are either abroad or facing abroad. Take Groundviews, they mention Sri Lanka constantly because it’s targeting an external audience for whom here means something else. The newspapers reference Sri Lanka not much at all, it’s simply assumed that the reader is ‘here’.
There are people who supported the war and those who opposed it. I opposed it, but now that it’s over, I’m glad. Not like happy that people died, but happy that people aren’t dying anymore. Some people really can’t give up. Take Sanjana’s TED talk (he runs Groundviews). It opens with the bloody brutal war and says there is still ‘structural violence’ underpinning everything. Well, really? What is structural violence? Hacking at parking pillars? For most Sri Lankans I know the war was there but life was shaped by more mundane stuff, like love, food, the usual.
What’s Important Now
Me, I was into technology and randomness and I’m getting back into that. I think average Sri Lankans were into eating more than dried fish and putting their kids in school. So they’re getting back to that. Does our government suck? Yeah, but it’s not some military dictatorship. When the people got pissed about a new pension plan taking their money they protested and the government backed down. When the Sunday Times published that land was being sold to the Chinese, the government backed down. The system does move, but it’s not motivated by war crimes or democracy or the same things that motivate international observers. It’s motivated by daily life, not yesterday’s death.
The war is over. It was a bad scene but people are moving on. Tell your friends, better yet, just keep living.
Addendum for comment
I forgot the point here. They questions Al Jazeera asked were as follows. Please answer them for yourself, or think of better questions.
- Is Sri Lanka recovering from a prolonged civil war?
- Are Tamils being integrated into mainstream Sri Lankan society?
- Tamils allege they are still being discriminated against.. is that true?
- Many human rights groups also say the war may have ended, but the condition of Tamils hasn’t improved… is the Sri Lankan government following through on its initial promises to rebuild ties with the Tamil community?
- Many Sinhalese commentators say the Tamil community in Sri Lanka is ready to move past the war, but the Tamil Diaspora is very keen to keep the separatist movement alive?
- To what extent were Tamil aspirations hijacked by the LTTE?
- Did the LTTE eventually end up undermining the Tamil cause?
Today on the
Janith has updated
This is highly dubious. Miss Travel is a travel/social networking site that connects ‘Generous’ and ‘Attractive’ travelers. To, like, travel together, I guess. It all seems a bit like arranged prostitution and trafficking. This is part of a broader online trend to connect rich men to younger, attractive women. Sites like
Sri Lankan domestics never say anything, they just stop coming. My maid just stopped coming and when I finally pressed her she said I needed to get a washing machine. I was hoping to ride this one out, but I’ve run out of underwear and I have no choice. I finally caved and bought a washing machine, from 
Comparing the content generated on Groundviews and content generated on news sites like Daily Mirror and the Sunday Leader is a bit pointless because that’s like trying to compare apples and pineapples. They are both fruit, but different types.
News sites report on, well everything that happens in Sri Lanka and obviously mostly cater to those who are living in Sri Lanka. You’re just stating the obvious there about newspapers. I doubt people living abroad would be interested in a 70 word article about a man hacking in neighbor over a land dispute. Groundviews is not a breaking/news site – the content is generated by mostly non journalists, academics and they are all mostly opinion pieces. True, the articles written by the Editors of GV are mostly about current issues and so are most of the articles written by others but that still does not put them in the same category as a news website. The war is over, so why would newspapers report about a war unless it is a war taking place abroad? So to say that just because the word ‘war’ doesn’t feature in Sri Lankan newspapers doesn’t necessarily mean that all those living here have moved on from the war. Just because guns are not being fired doesn’t mean people are not still suffering because of the war.
I can go further into detail about even statistically, trying to do the comparison you did in this post is incorrect, but I won’t, since the bottom line is that you are comparing things that cannot be compared at all and generalized the way you have.
By trivializing crucial issues people face in post war Sri Lanka actually undermines the tremendous work done by a lot of people. You are certainly entitled to your opinion, but that doesn’t extend to generalizing on behalf of Sri Lankans. (Thats like saying that Sri Lankan bloggers are mostly concerned about the word gay and whitening creams, just based on the word cloud of content generated on YOUR blog.)
How do you know that the only people that can’t really accept that the war is over are either abroad or facing abroad? How do you know that there are people who can’t accept that the war is over? What data/ information do you have to back that claim? Word clouds based on news sites are definitely not things one can come to such conclusions. Yours is one of the most read blogs in Sri Lanka and with that comes a certain responsibility whether you like it or not.
Even a cursory glance at the Groundviews website will reveal it to be:
- anti-establishment
- fixated on war issues, even after the end of the war
- obsessed over “doomsday scenarios”
It claims to be a site for “citizen journalism” but most of the writings are rants againt the government and furious moans against the war that was finished two years ago. The current government is a popular goverment, voted into power overwhelmingly by the Sri Lankan people. If Groundviews were truely a site for “citizen journalism” it would provide space for opposing views as well, and there would be many articles on good things the government is doing (along with the bad). But this is not the case. And I this is because Groundviews has a clear editorial line that is pushed by both Sajana Hattotuwa and Nigel Nugawela who run the site. So anything that does not toe this editorial line is not welcome on Groundviews, and those who hold differing opinions to the editors are pilloried and debased (such as Indi has been). As you know, the NGO crowd in SL made their living because of the war, and this is how they still keep the $$ rolling into their pockets from their various paymasters (such as the US embassy in the case of Groundviews and the Centre For Policy Alternatives).
I don’t think it’s too extreme to say that most people are not talking about the war while Groundviews is. If you want to compare opinion to opinion, The Sunday Leader feed has about 6 ‘news’ items on the front page and the rest is broadly opinion. Also check out Jeyaraj. He talks about war, but more about ongoing Tamil concerns.
Anecdotally, I also think it’s quite obvious that people care more about today’s meal than a war from two years ago. I used to talk on and off to someone I met in Menik Farm. She never talked about the war, it was just about getting a job and putting the kid in school. We also stopped on the way to Mannar at a refugee camp (Muslim mostly) and pointedly asked about democracy and human rights or whatever. They didn’t care. They wanted a better road.
Personally, I think that’s fine. I waited my whole life for the war to be over so I could talk about something else. I’m not denying that people have suffered and continue to suffer, but they really do want to move on.
btw, for further data, check out this Google Trends graph comparing searches for
sri lanka war
sri lanka education
sri lanka jobs
within Sri Lanka.
The war searches basically went flat until the Channel 4 video brought it up again. Education and jobs searches, by contrast, increased after the war ended and have remained high.
You write well, we all know that anyways!
Well said, the war is over. But winning the war has come at a heavy price to democracy. The current dictatorship style of governance in Sri Lanka is sanctioned by the very voter himself by the justification yes they won the war!
We keep hitting each other on the head with a cudgel.
JR’s Machiavellian tinkering with our constitution.
Premadasa and his if you don’t you die philosophy.
Chandrika and the effective birth of the PSD and MSD. Thuggery in quasi uniform!
Now the Rajapakses are you a traitor or a son of SL?
So post war. Will we ever recover from the lengthening shadow of decades ago, to one of sunshine in the decades to come?
Thanks for the comment Dhammika. I think we will recover to sunshine.
The people do push back against the government, and the government does back down. Just not for the same things us more elitey types worry about. For example, the Free Trade Zone protests did work, Mahinda wasn’t able to take their money. Also, the media fuss about the China Galle Face deal did work.
As peoples lives improve, as their kids get through school, I think they will demand more. Right now they’re demanding what they absolutely need. As your list above illustrates, we’ve had any number of ‘dictators’ in the past and they’ve all passed.
This too shall pass.
The present incumbent has slowly removed the legal barriers that constrain his grip on power. None of his predecessors went that far. The long-run implication is that only massive social unrest – of the Libyan/Egyptian kind – will remove the incumbent or one of his handpicked successors from power. It’s unfortunate that the vast majority of Sri Lankans are oblivious to this basic reality. In retrospect, it would have been better to negotiate with the LTTE, as Ranil was doing, than endow a single man with tyrannical dictatorial powers.
negotiate with terrorists? …we all know how well that turned out, no result at all. Better to beat them at their own game than to negotiate with them.
The LTTE would have crumbled after Prabhakaran’s demise, regardless, so it was only a matter of time, 10 years or so max, given Prabhakaran’s age and declining health. His successor, Charles Anthony, could not have kept the organization going for very long. Keep in mind that negotiation is a two-way process. While Prabhakaran was difficult to negotiate people like Balasingham saw the viability of peace talks; in fact, it was Balasingham who was responsible for many of the negotiations. On the Sinhalese side, there was never any unanimous Southern consensus as far as Tamil political rights went. Regardless of CBK’s offer of an ISGA or Ranil’s CFA, a final solution would have required legislation (read: parliamentary approval) – good luck convincing the JVP and JHU. Not to mention the public outrage, if the reaction to the CFA was any indication.
The ideal thing to do would have been to economically/politically isolate the LTTE, via some kind of protracted CFA, and even get the Tamil diaspora involved in the process. Create a genuine political space for Tamils from all parts of the island to voice their grievances. By genuine I don’t mean TNA or making Karuna an MP. More like an intermediary between the government and LTTE, with a fair amount of political clout.
As I have said, MR’s approach was wrong from beginning to end. Recently in the Island, the interviewer complained to Harsha De Silva that the West is not investing in Sri Lanka, and that this justifies the high level of Chinese investment. Well, why is the West not investing in S. Lanka? At least some of it has to do with MR’s management of the war and consequent post-war image fallout. Think of it this way – if you’re a company, you generally prefer to do business with reputable clientele. MR has taken SL’s reputation back about 20 years. The Chinese may not care – but then, the Chinese have a bad reputation themselves.
It’s all well to go into hypotheticals. But the reality is that there was a full scale war and the LTTE was defeated. The north of Sri Lanka is now opening up and people aren’t dying from bomb blasts on a daily basis.
It is opening up to Rajapakase Ltd. no doubt about that. One family’s empire = another family’s doom & gloom. Doesn’t SL have any anti-trust laws to break up these colossal business interests, all of which can be traced back to at least the patronage of His Highness. On the one hand, you’re stifling free enterprise, while at the same time you’re concentrating the wealth of the nation in the hands of a select few. It’s no surprise that the Rajapakse’s already own 70-80% of the nation’s wealth.
The north is pretty much open to everyone now, including many southerners who were locked out of a large of Sri Lanka for many years. Thousands of people travel north and south along the A9 everyday now. People to people interaction is increasing every day. It’s pretty disingenuous to pretend as if it is only benefiting the president.
The North is one big open prison, as is the East, with thousands of soldiers and hundreds of checkpoints everywhere. So many soldiers, in fact, that the latter have taken to starting their own businesses, in addition to the usual repertoire of “busy work”: (http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=34173). There is still martial law imposed on the North and East. It’s not normal for the military to interact with civilians in this kind of way, on a daily basis during peacetime . It looks as if Rajapakse’s plan is to deeply entrench the military into every aspect of civil life, from university level to holiday retreat.
*every aspect of civilian life
The presence of the military is necessary to prevent any remnants of the Tamil Tigers from starting up again. There are also permanent military bases in the south of the country, and it should be the same in the north. The presence of the military in the north is also a consequence of having had the LTTE around. The State needs to assert its authority and the military is one way to do it. I would agree that the presence ought to be scaled down, but this needs to be done over time and in a staged manner – certainly not by waving a magic wand and doing it one flash. As for the military moving into business, I welcome this. The Sri Lankan military now has a surplus of soldiers – without a war for them to fight in – and they must be given the means to make a living (just like the LTTE cadres being rehabilitated).
And sorry, I don’t find “Tamilnet” to be a credible news source.
The LTTE was completely defeated – the “remnants” you speak of were placed into rehabilitation camps, 8000-10,000 altogether, by the government’s own admission. The main thing is that without Prabhakaran, the organizational/command structure of the LTTE cannot be reconstituted. Therefore, it’s highly unlikely, if not impossible, that the remnants will regroup, independently . A heavy military presence is not needed to ensure the latter trend holds.
There is also a huge economic cost that comes with maintaining a massive military. As I wrote on GV:
“…The basic point is the same: a poor country like SL cannot afford a massive military. Where economics is concerned, the important point is that most of the revenue generated by the military does not go back to the local community but gets channeled elsewhere. One implication is that local businesses experience diminished growth prospects, since the primary driver of growth – competition – is not allowed free reign. Furthermore, if the Government is subsidizing these military-run businesses, as the article states, that is even worse. It means that these businesses are not subject to the primary market drivers – supply and demand. An oligopoly or monopoly will be the end result, and if it is an essential item, the consumer will be bearing the cost.”
http://groundviews.org/2011/02/27/lanka-63-the-%E2%80%98military-business-model%E2%80%99-of-post-war-economic-development/
To put it concisely, if the Government is subsidizing military-run businesses, it is not rational to expect that local businesses can compete in an even playing field. Subsidies are also bad because they prevent prices from adjusting to the equilibrium level.
I agree with you that a large military presence may have been necessary during war-time. But the military presence (in the North and East) – particularly in the North – has actually increased tremendously since the end of the war. Something on the order of 7 – 8 new HSZ’s have been/are being constructed. How do you justify such an increase?
While there is a military presence in the South, it’s limited to military affairs. You don’t find military governers in the South. Neither do people need permission from the military to hold a meeting, to go fishing, to travel to Colombo etc. The military is not a major presence at every school function. I think you get the picture. While some of this may have been justified during the LTTE time, you can’t really argue for its validity two years into the post-war period.
Yes, the Sri Lankan military has a surplus of relatively young, uneducated soldiers – which is not a good thing, when unemployment is high. Trying to disarm them in that kind of environment could lead to a volatile situation. But its a risk that’s worth taking, because the alternative is to let them remain armed and engage in all sorts of violent crimes and petty crimes. You need to have the economic stimulus in place at the same time, so that they can transition from military to civilian life.
Tamilnet is not to your liking? What about Wikileaks?
Extra-Judicial Killings with the Military’s Support
——————————————— ——
15. (S) Working in concert with SLA soldiers stationed in the Jaffna peninsula, the EPDP is able to conduct extortion, abductions, extra-judicial killings and other criminal acts without fear of consequences, according to numerous sources. XXXXXXXXXXXX told us about EPDP’s involvement in extra-judicial killings in Jaffna. Independently,XXXXXXXXXXXX confirmed much of XXXXXXXXXXXX’s account. He explained that when the EPDP intends to kill a target, they first provide notice to the military. The number of soldiers patrolling the streets of Jaffna (40,000 total on the peninsula) is such that there are literally soldiers stationed at every street corner. At an agreed time, all of the soldiers in the designated area take a five to ten minute “break” at once (although the normal practice is to take breaks in shifts). At that point, armed and masked gunmen, often riding on motorcycles, race down the street and assassinate the intended victim. Shortly after the killing, the soldiers’ break over, they return to their posts to deal with the aftermath. While police investigations are common, they almost never lead to arrests. XXXXXXXXXXXX also told us of a XXXXXXXXXXXX doctor XXXXXXXXXXXX who performs forced abortions, often under the guise of a regular check-up, on Tamil women suspected of being aligned with the LTTE.
http://genocidesrilanka.blogspot.com/2010/12/wikileaks-cable-srilanka-war-crimes.html
Well, now you know what a good portion of your heroic army is up to.
A mere assertion such as ” ..the main thing is that without Prabhakaran, the organizational/command structure of the LTTE cannot be reconstituted” is hardly something worth risking the security of the country and its people after a devastating 20+ year war, especially when the one who makes such an assertion is safely ensconced in another part of the world far away from Sri Lanka. It would be stupid, naive and incredibly risky for the government to do so.
It is also natural for military presence to expand when most of the Vanni was previously not under the control of the government. Like I said before there are permanent military establishments in the south of the country and I don’t see why it should be any different in the north of the country. If there are any civil restrictions they need to be seen not in isolation, but in tandem with very recent history – war, terrorism, the existence of an armed group fighting against the state.
And the wikileaks article you link to is merely repeating what some random XXXXXX is asserting; it does not provide any actual facts or evidence. It’s like me saying the TNA parliamentarians raped 15 women, burnt their bodies and threw the ashes into the sea; and it’s fact and really happened simply because I say so.
There is no security risk from disarmed LTTE cadres. In fact, the security risk from fully armed EPDP and Karuna faction cadres is much greater. There is a major post-war crime problem in Jaffna, which even the government acknowledged, and it obviously doesn’t stem from ex-LTTE. The obvious culprits are the SLA and pro-government Tamil militias.
No, it’s not natural for a poor country like Sri Lanka to expand the size of it’s military post-war. Every single soldier needs to be paid; this money could better be used to resolve the salary anomalies of the university lecturers or import vital drugs to hospitals. Last week in Kandy, some patients in the surgical ward actually died because the hospital did not have enough money to import the necessary drugs.
You may doubt the validity of Wikileaks, but the rest of the world takes it seriously – it’s top-secret information at the diplomatic level, never meant to have been digested by the publoc. The XXXXXX is there to protect the confidentiality of the sources from repercussions.
Once again I’m afraid that when it comes to the security of the country (post 20+ years of debilitating and devastating war) mere assertions such as “there is no security risk from disarmed LTTE cadres” are no grounds to base actual policy on. National security should be of paramount importance. Crime in Jaffna is no different to crime in the rest of the country except that interested parties enjoy trying to portray it as something out of the ordinary. In any case, having been seeped in the culture of violence for decades the north is hardly conducive towards creating and sustaining a crime-free area.
Yes soldiers need to be paid. And I support the ‘expansion’ of Sri Lanka’s military because I think that the government should take all means necessary to prevent another violent separatist movement, and I believe the state should have the muscle to decapitate any potential separatist movement. Demobilisation should occur in a staged manner over a decade or two – and certainly not in the space of a few years.
If you wish to take wikileaks seriously, then by all means please take it seriously. But that doesn’t change the fact that all you linked to was a bunch of reported statements of random statements from some anonymous character.
If you remove the guns, there is no security risk. If you have several hundred economically deprived uneducated 20-somethings (SLA) walking around with guns, there are going to be problems – that’s just common sense. The answer is not to let them open small-scale businesses, as the government seems keen on doing. The answer is to educate them, and let them transition back into civilian life, if they so choose. As for Tamil groups like the EPDP/Karuna faction, they need to be disarmed completely, since their presence serves no purpose whatsoever, not even from a security standpoint.
While national security is important, there are other issues just as important. The nations that have staked their existence on national security – over and above all other needs – have not done very well; e.g. Nazi Germany, North Korea, Soviet Union. The problem here is that the military doesn’t do anything useful during peacetime. It doesn’t generate revenue for the government; in fact, it’s subsidized by the government, so it takes away essential revenues. It’s just another bill for the taxpayer.
There is no possibility of an armed insurrection re-occurring in the North. I don’t think even the Tamil diaspora want it to happen again. They supported Prabhakaran because he was there from the beginning; there was no way to kick him out – even if he was kicked out, there would be no one to replace him. I would say, Prabhakaran was a phenomenal 70′s/80′s/90′s star but he completely failed to understand the post-911 geopolitical reality. Any new armed insurrection would need at it’s head, someone of VP’s caliber, in addition to the fact that such a person was able to understand the new reality. Someone who could successfully engage the SL forces, despite the latter having the full military backing of not just India but China. If it was a Muslim extremist group, this could probably be accomplished. Otherwise, no.
Diplomatic cables are pretty serious stuff. The reason those cables weren’t meant for public consumption, was to avoid offending certain parties.
*If you have several hundred thousand
It’s quite simplistic to say “take away the guns and educate the soldiers” — how does that guarantee them a source of income? Sri Lanka already has a surplus of unemployed graduates who are desperately looking for jobs. Sri Lanka currently has a very large pool of army soldiers and there is no war for them to fight in. Let’s say the government demobilises 50 000 of them overnight – that means 50 000 people without a job. Now THAT is something where “there are going to be problems.”
To me national security is paramount. I do not wish to see another rag-tag terrorist group start setting off random bombs in the north and the south and start another round of violent conflict. Any new separatist/insurgent movement should be decapitated right at the onset with overwhelming force. This is my personal opinion mind you. And in order for that to be a possibility Sri Lanka needs a strong military presence in the north and the east where the separatist movement was based over the last 20 years.
“There is no possibility of an armed insurrection re-occurring in the North.” — Again, Sri Lanka should not base policy on mere assertions by arm chair critics. That would be suicidal.
Yes, Sri Lanka has a surplus of unemployed graduates, which is one more reason why it doesn’t need a surplus military. The focus should be on creating jobs in the private sector so that the unemployed graduates can put their productive resources to work, e.g. generate revenue that gets channeled through the economy. There’s no problem in demobilising 50K soldiers, so long as their weapons are taken away.
National security is paramount? Sri Lanka is a dot on the map, compared to her nuclear-armed neighbors India and Pakistan. So in this sense, it’s national security priorities amount to zilch. It can’t fend off it’s neighbors in case of an aggressive attack – that means that its national security is necessarily limited to containing any internal threats. What are these internal threats? Last time I checked, the census data for SL goes something like this:
?73.9% Sinhalese,[3]
?12.6% Tamil,[3]
?7.4% Moors,[3]
?5.2% Indian Tamil,[3]
?0.5% Others.[3]
Tamils don’t have the numbers to wage an all out war for control of the whole island. That’s just common sense. So the only possible threat to national security would involve a Tamil uprising in the North, since the East never posed a threat after Karuna’s defection. On the other hand, it doesn’t make sense to keep 100,000 Sinhalese soldiers stationed in the North, just to prevent less than 3% of the population from misbehaving. There are 40K soldiers in Jaffna alone. That’s a total waste of resources. Something along the lines of 5000 soldiers is enough to deal with this possible “threat.”
Having tens of thousands of soldiers in the North will not necessarily prevent bombs from going off in the South. Anyone can make a bomb. You make a timing device and attach it to an explosive substance via a simple circuit. Of course one can make more sophisticated bombs, but the point is that anyone can make bombs at home; the ingredients can be obtained at the local corner shop. Trying to identify who is most likely to set off bombs is the job of the intelligence agency, not the military.
Again, Sri Lanka should not base policy on mere assertions by arm chair critics. That would be suicidal.
Sri Lankans should not give in to an imaginary fear psychosis. When there is no threat, there is no threat, plain and simple. Punishing the Tamils for the sins of the LTTE by turning the North into a giant military prison will benefit no one at the end of the day, not even the Sinhalese. I’ve already outlined the economic implications.
You argument for having small army could have well been trotted out before the rise of the LTTE as well. But I think that if Sri Lanka had a large, well equipped army that was allowed to do its job at that time the LTTE would have been wiped out in a tick, long before it had the chance to cause so much bloodshed and violence. This would have been in the interests of all Sri Lankans and the nation as a whole. I feel that the Sri Lankan security forces should *always* have that capability from now on – the capability to decapitate any separatist/insurgent movement in an efficient and effective manner and safeguard the territorial integrity of the country. Having a well trained, well equipped and well manned army is an asset even if Sri Lanka as an island has no real enemies. Take Singapore for example; there is no real reason for Singapore to have an army but it does have a very well trained and equipped army and all citizens are required to do a stint in the military.
I’m repeating myself here again, but I think demobilization should happen in a staged manner over a decade or two – and not in a jiffy. It is to early at present.
If Sri Lanka had had an island-wide draft (military conscription), the war could have been over in a few years, probably 1 or 2 at max. A surge in nanpower and the LTTE losing the East were the key elements involved in defeating the LTTE. On the other hand, conscription would have dried up the LTTE recruitment pool in no time.
SL is not China or the Soviet Union. Given its tiny landmass, there are simpler alternatives to maintaining adequate national security than having a massive army. I think you might understand this better if you let go of your fear psychosis of Tamil separatism. Re-read what I wrote about conscription, for example. It’s not hypothetical – it’s proven and tested. The American civil war lasted only 4 years, and it was fought over a landmass at least twenty times the size of SL. The difference here is that the Americans had a draft.
Comparing Singapore to SL is total rubbish. Singapore has one of the best health-care systems, education systems, on and on. It has never taken a loan from the IMF. The standard of living is far far far higher than SL’s has ever been. In simple terms, Singapore is a first-world nation that can afford to have an expensive military . Why does a millionaire prefer a Bentley over a Toyota Corolla? The Corolla is excellent, as far as quality goes – it gets the job done. The fact of the matter is, it wouldn’t matter what car the millionaire chose, since the impact on his bank balance would be marginal in either case. On the other hand, let’s say a poor person manages to acquire a Bentley on credit. He’s obviously going to be bankrupt in no time. The opportunity cost of choosing the Bentley is astronomical. If he has a wife and three kids, they’re gonna feel the impact too.
I’m repeating myself here again, but I think demobilization should happen in a staged manner over a decade or two
If you’re willing to live with 7.5% inflation for the next 20 years, a sub-par educational system (for yourself or kids), lack of quality healthcare for those who aren’t rich, etc. etc. then by all means, go for the expensive toy.
Tamil separatism was a reality for the last 20+ years so wanting to prevent that from happening again is quite reasonable. A massive army, out of your own line of reasoning, seems appropriate then.
And the comparison to Singapore is quite apt – you were saying that Sri Lanka is an island and asking what need was there for a large army. Well Singapore is an even tinier island with no external enemies either. Infact, it has a leading role in ASEAN and maintains pretty good relations with all its neighbours. So why does Singapore have a well trained, well armed and large (for its size) army? As well as mandatory stint in the military for its citizens? Sri Lanka has a far more justifiable case of maintaining a large, well equipped and well trained army given a 20+ year old war that ripped the country apart.
It’s rubbish to link “7.5% inflation for the next 20 years, a sub-par educational system (for yourself or kids), lack of quality healthcare for those who aren’t rich” with having a large well trained, ready-for-combat army.
You seem to be completely oblivious about the economic, social, and political repercussions that emanate from jumbo-sized military; with a population of 20 million, an army with 200K soldiers implies that approximately 1.05% of the whole population is part of the armed forces! That’s pretty ridiculous for a nation that can’t even keep its garbage under control in the metro areas. This is what Darini Rajasingham has to say about the jumbo military:
“One of the most striking developments in post-war Lanka is its paradoxical militarisation of the government, economy and society. Even though it has been two years since the end of the war, Emergency Rule remains in place and the defence sector, including the budget, has not been down-sized, right-sized or restructured for peacetime operations; but rather, has been on a constant rise. The army constitutes over 210,000 personnel in a country with less than 20 million people; nonetheless, the army, in addition to the significant navy, air force and National Defence Forces, continue recruiting. The current budget allocates 20 percent of GDP for defence expenditures – far more than other South Asian neighbours. Colombo insists that Lanka is a safe tourist destination, and asks foreign governments to lift travel warnings; but it still maintains Emergency Regulations (ER), keeps up counterterrorism rhetoric with the assistance of dubious ‘terrorism’ experts, and buys expensive surveillance equipment such as CCTV cameras to monitor traffic jams, rather than investing in a people-friendly public transport system, in a city that The Economist’s intelligence unit deemed one of the ten worst cities to live.
One can now see the post-conflict economy following the former Indonesian model of military business. Under Suharto, the Indonesian military was given corporate representation in the government. Each military branch had its own foundation, which operated businesses in finance management, the travel industry, agri-business, manufacturing and resource extraction. Similar patterns are evident now in Lanka, where the air force is operating flights to Jaffna, and military elites are being placed on the board of an elite (and controversial) golf club, called Water’s Edge.
Post-war militarisation is also indexed in seemingly harmless images of army personnel selling vegetables to bring down escalating food prices. In the navy, personnel are taking tourists on dolphin-sighting tours off the southern coast, and other armed-services personnel are engaged in additional commercial operations. Recently, the minister of higher education, S B Dissanayake, announced that the army would give undergraduates ‘soft-skills training’ in response to student protests against deteriorating conditions in the under-funded public universities. Rather than further politicising and militarizing higher education what is needed in a White Paper on Higher Educational Reform and investment in independent research and development.
n the current context, Sri Lankans might not tend to discuss militarisation, because they are indeed grateful for the sacrifices that the military made to defeat the LTTE. However, militarisation, poses the real danger of military mission and mandate creep. Almost two years after the end of war, in the context of the failure to repeal Emergency Regulations (ER) it is clear that it is ironically the political leadership of the country that is steering the post-conflict militarization and transformation of civil-military relations, in a manner detrimental to democratic institutions and traditions. This might be politically expedient and lucrative for the regime in the short term, but the primary purpose of a well-trained military is to fight external threats to a country. The blurring of civil-military roles will dilute this focus. Especially when coupled with emergency rule, it will concentrate and centralise power in the presidency; it will also confer a level of impunity to the police and armed forces, encouraging them to disregard civilians’ basic rights.
Already, the detrimental effects of militarisation can be seen in Lanka. In the name of ‘city development’ and gentrification, the military has been used to displace poor people in urban areas. Examples include building a New Port City in Colombo for a Formula One race track, building super malls and five-star hotels. Along the A-9 road to Jaffna, the military runs tea shops, competing with recently returned impoverished internally displaced peoples (IDP). In the war-ravaged north and east, it has acquired extensive public and private lands under the banner of providing ‘security’ and is setting up large farms to grow vegetables and fruits in the Mannar District. The ramifications of this however, have left Tamil and Muslim farmers landless, as some of their lands, now occupied by the military, have been ear-marked for business ventures, including a coal-fired power plant, tourism projects and agro industries.”
http://groundviews.org/2011/02/27/lanka-63-the-%E2%80%98military-business-model%E2%80%99-of-post-war-economic-development/
From the above, you can clearly see why a jumbo-size military is a direct threat to democracy and economic development in Sri Lanka.
What about security? Does the military really serve a valuable purpose, where security is concerned? Again, I quote from Darini:
Security trap
Despite a heavy concentration of military personnel (40,000 army, 10,000 police), the security situation in Jaffna, the cultural heartland of the Sri Lankan Tamil community, has been deteriorating. Recent weeks saw a series of killings, forcing the former Jaffna district MP of the Tamil National Alliance, M K Shivajilingam, to suspect the armed forces’ complicity. ‘How can killings take place without their knowledge?’ he asked. ‘We feel someone is organising and overseeing these incidents to keep the people of Jaffna in a climate of fear.’
The large military presence in Jaffna contributed to the besieged population’s sense of insecurity. It is well known that in Jaffna former LTTE leaders are working with military intelligence. Minister Douglas Devananda, a leading ally of the government and one whose paramilitary cadre were also implicated in the killings, has declared that the killings are not simply the result of random criminal activity. The largest bank robbery in Colombo was traced to army deserters, of which there are 50,000 in number and security personnel have been implicated in timber theft on public and private lands and moterways.
Violence in Jaffna despite the heavy military presence shows the limits of the military paradigm for security, economic development and sustainable peace. Already there is evidence of that we may be reaching the tipping point of militarization. A military juggernaut once set in motion might not be easily reigned in, while often those who set it in motion also suffer the consequences. Sustainable security can only be achieved by deepening democracy and embracing inclusive development. Otherwise, the regime’s dream of turning Lanka into the ‘wonder of Asia’ could morph into an Asian nightmare. Lanka is not Egypt or Tunisia, but sooner or later militarisation will be challenged as people come to notice that the traditions of democracy are gradually being eroded to create a national-security state and a ruling dynasty
Increasingly Sri Lanka’s welfare state democracy that once placed the island at the top of the social development index in the developing world despite low per capita income is being replaced by a militarized neo-liberal developmental state, cloaked in nationalist rhetoric that has little to do with the spirit or practice of the teachings of the Buddha or ahimsa. Sri Lanka still has the best social indicators – health, literacy, education – in the region. This is due to its immediate post-colonial investment in social infrastructure and the welfare state, not in the defence sector. Now that the war is over, Lanka needs to once again lead the way in Southasia. It has to demilitarise and reinvest in human security and social development, particularly in education, and enable power-share among the island’s diverse ethno-religious communities.
http://groundviews.org/2011/02/27/lanka-63-the-%E2%80%98military-business-model%E2%80%99-of-post-war-economic-development/
To summarize: having a gigantic military is a drain on the budget, leads to diminished economic growth, does absolutely nothing to improve the livelihoods of civilians in occupied territories, results in even greater levels of political corruption, and leads to an increase in crime in certain areas. 20 more years of this and Sri Lanka will parallel Pakistan, in terms of militarization, as DRS has pointed out. The dividing line between civil and military will become smaller and smaller, until finally it will be the military that decides the outcome of elections, what gets printed in newspapers, who gets classified as a “traitor”, etc. If you’re already seeing some of that now, it’s because SL has begun taking that dangerous road.
The difference between Singapore’s forces and SL’s forces is that Singapore is not a militarized society. The military is its own institution, with zero political interference. So again, your analogy fails miserably.
The most significant body that doesn’t believe the war is over are the MPs who sit on the government benches in parliament. This must be true, given that the government votes in favour of extending the PTA and Emergency every month??
The fighting has ended, but a lot of issues remain, I think Al Jazeera is asking the right questions.
well, I don’t know Jack, every question is about Tamils. Don’t you think there are broader issues that affect everyone?
That’s why federalism would be the optimum solution. The different communities could choose their own development models, according to their own needs. The primary obstacle to development right now is bureaucracy , which greatly overlooks/oversimplifies individual needs and aspirations.
True, but the question that is uppermost in everyone’s mind is are the seeds of a fresh conflict being sown?
I would probably add questions on the centralisation of power, the undermining of institutions and the rule of law and the state of public finances.
But I don’t think the seeds of a fresh conflict are being sown.
That conflict, like the JVP uprising, was a product of demographic trends (a lot of young, unemployed people) and global trends (violent state creation still happening, terrorism being new). Those trends have completely shifted. On a local level, there simply aren’t enough Tamil people to sustain a rebellion and there is no room for them to engage in violence without being crushed. So no, I don’t see it coming back.
That said, there could be a situation where the Sri Lankan people rise against their government over common issues, largely because institutions and laws have been undermined, leaving no outlet but the street. I really don’t see anything happening along racial lines again.
“aren’t enough Tamil people to sustain a rebellion and there is no room for them to engage in violence without being crushed”
I think there is some truth in this but policy in N/E may be building resentment.
Issues with land. With military camps occupying large areas and beach land being zoned off (mainly in East, with Karuan/Pillayan). As long as the owners are going along with this willingly no problem, but I think there is certain amount of land being grabbed and this will please no one.
There are serious issues that probably should be resented and some, I think, resisted.
Jeyaraj more than anyone I know has been covering these
Issues and problems facing people of Northern and Eastern provinces – by M.A. Sumanthiran MP (his intro)
Jeyaraj is a pseudo-journalist. He can’t take the heat from pro-LTTE people, which is why he consistently “responds” in the comments section (journalists are supposed to keep a distance from readers). Try telling him the LTTE should’ve broken his other leg, and watch his reaction.
Jeyaraj is the best living Sri Lankan journalist, IMHO. Kudos on him for keeping up with comments and Twitter and stuff. That’s the sign of a true journalist, a storyteller
The best living journalist? Well, you are entitled to your opinion, but sometimes the truth is indisputable:
————–
HS De Silva says:
July 5, 2011 at 9:13 pm
The LTTE did a lot of nasty things, but they did not steal from the Tamils (in SL). That honor goes to the SLA.
DBSJ RESPONDS:
Stop these lies about LTTE.The tigers bled Sri Lankan Tamils dry through criminal extortion in the guise of taxes&donations. They criminally misappropriated property both movable and immovable from Tamils under the guise of “commandeering” for war effort. When Tamils were displaced the tigers sent their “agents” to rob from vacated places. We can go on and on…..
How dare you post such blatant lies whitewashing tigers here? Also have the courage to post under your own name instead of a bogus Sinhala name
http://dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/2465
————–
That is not journalism ; whatever it is, it’s pretty childish. Number one, he missed the all-important qualifier (“nasty things” ); secondly, he speculated on the ethnicity (ad hominem argument). Thirdly, he censored (blocked) my post about how taxes do not equate to robbery, and how governments are allowed to legally, commandeer property, even de-facto governments.
A real journalist is not a storyteller, they actually have a system of ethics by which to abide. It’s the tabloid journalists that spin yarns.
Anyway, there are not very many good journalists in SL (the last one I can think of is Iqbal Athas & his defense column), so I can see why you’re fond of DBSJ. His website is like an internet recycle bin that tries to promote some kind of *filtered* dialogue via reader feedback. That is probably a novel concept in the SL context, but it’s pretty standard for Western talk shows. If you can imagine JHU types debating TNA types, that kind of thing is pretty common here.
Heshan just hates DBSJ ‘cos he banned him. Lol
The truth is that Sri Lankan Tamils community would not find themselves in their current plight if not for the LTTE. A calm revision of all the facts leading up to the defeat of the LTTE will show very clearly that the LTTE was responsible both for its own demise and the suffering of a large segment of the Tamil people. The war is now over and many in the Tamil diaspora are angry and upset not over the loss of civilian life, but rather, the defeat of the LTTE. This is very regrettable.
Hi Indi,
It was a bit too long to post as a comment but I wrote this in response to this post.
On, War, Peace, Indi, The Diaspora, and Locals
RD
I met some young people from the North, who saw half their family members dying in front of their eyes, from shelling and whatnot. I guess you could say that for them the war is over, because they basically don’t want to talk about it very much, because it’s traumatic to think about. So yeah I guess they are probably more concerned with the present challenges of how to get food and basic necessities. But probably a lot of them can’t help thinking about how life is a lot harder now that their dad is dead or whatever. So I’m not sure if they every really stop thinking about the war in that sense.
One fact is that these young people were previously the most at risk of being recruited into armed groups, because armed groups tend to promise three meals a day to anyone who signs up. Some people have a concern that this could happen again — that it would be very easy for an armed group to talk these kids into signing up in massive numbers. Not just in Sri Lanka, of course, but in the many countries where there are a bunch of desperate young people who are war traumatized and not successfully integrated as members of a functioning society. Anyway, maybe the security situation in SL is so tightly controlled right now that it would be impossible for any armed group to get organized. But I think it’s worth thinking about, how many of the ingredients are still there and maybe need to be dealt with.
Thanks for an interesting discussion everyone.
Thank you for the comment Just Thinking. You are right about those who have lost. There are an insane amount of single parent families and that is something you can’t stop thinking about.
I disagree with the armed rebellion thing, violent resistance is too easy for more violent governments to crush. If the young people resisted non-violently that would be something else.
[...] good conversation among diasporals. I got no beef. Sanjana (as Groundviews) has responded to my post on the war being over by bringing up personal email/phone conversations and trying to blacklist me with the Knight [...]
i think you’re confusing populism and macroeconomics with democracy. It’s not a sign of healthy democracy when Indians riot over sharply increased onion prices and the gov’t jacks up the subsidy for the same. If, tomorrow, a crowd of angry Lankans lynches some MP because he took their money, that’s not democracy either, and neither is punch-counterpunch on the redistribution of scarce wealth. But that populism may be all Sri Lanka gets, so that’s what passes for democracy (itself always a notional thing.)
Indi – you know I respect your opinion and I more often than not, like what you write. However, I have often also argued with you as a result of the extreme nature of your statements sometimes. Especially now, I am shocked to read a post like this from you – it seems so naive, so ignorant, so determinedly blind, so sweeping? It has none of the nuance and thoughtfulness I know you possess as a human being. I’m challenging you Indi – f0rget the sound bites, write something for real. Do the research (that goes beyond a word cloud), do the homework, do the thinking.
Extreme statement number 1 – ‘They’re still all war all the time while the average Sri Lankan is like, ‘breakfast?’ ‘
Really Indi? Do you really believe this? Do you mean the Average Sri Lankan that you know and encounter? Average Sinhalese, maybe? Do you mean Average Sri Lankan in and around Colombo? I’m not sure what you mean – because for a LOT of people, life is not as simple as ‘breakfast’ right now. Even things seemingly un-related to war, like the cost of living and corruption are basically fucking up life for the average Sri Lankan, as far as I know. And that’s only things un-related to war. I’ll get on to those other things in a bit.
Extreme statement number 2 – not really a statement, but do you really think it’s a good idea to cite Daily Mirror and Sunday Leader as a good reference point as to what the Average Sri Lankan is thinking/feeling? Forgive me if I think this is preposterous. The Daily Mirror can’t string a sentence together and the Sunday Leader has its own agenda and only takes interest in character assassination a lot of the time.
Extreme statement number 3 – ‘The war is over and the only people that can’t really accept it are either abroad or facing abroad.’ Well even if this were true, why do you think this is Indi? Why do you think they’re all abroad or ‘facing abroad’ as you put it? The ‘war’ in the strictest terms, may be over, but there are hundreds of thousands of people still suffering its consequences, still suffering injustice – and they’re all in Sri Lanka.
Indi, yes, the war is over. We as a nation would like to move on, but we kind of can’t. You may not have noticed or may not have bothered to find out (which pisses me off in a country as small as ours) but we can’t move on because people are still suffering – every day. The Average Sri Lankan faces corruption and the rising cost of living at every level, nothing can be achieved without bribing someone or pulling some strings – you can’t send your kids to school, you can’t develop your business – you’re basically vulnerable all the time, for at any moment if someone feels like it, your life could go to shit. People face harassment, intimidation, abuse – just Average Sri Lankans. And I’m only now getting on to the people in the North – these families live in structures with half-walls, with no door sometimes, and no real roof (none of which was given to them by our government anyway). To date, there is no official compensation for them. To date, there is no list of detainees with the location of their detention to be accessed by these families, so people have no idea where some of their family members are. Many of these detainees are not even charged and cannot access a lawyer (a fundemantal right). Detainees are tortured, or treated inhumanely on a daily basis, at best. But our military and government seem to have a keen dislike of documentation and figures anyway, as to date we have no official figure of civilian deaths, civilian casualties etc. And don’t get me started on the disappearances – there are hundreds of cases of reported (by eye witnesses) disappearances for which there is no resolution, no answer. It is a problem that simply does not exist. So where are these people? Who is accountable for them? These families are not even allowed to commemorate the deaths of their own with any kind of rite or ritual – did you know that, Indi? They can’t lay flowers at a grave or perform any religious rites for their dead – it’s banned by the military. They face restrictions on gatherings, on movement – they live in a military state. Any kind of dissent faces intimidation and threat – and this is not just in the North but everywhere. So many people, some of them average Sri Lankans, not journalists or activists, are forced to go into hiding or to leave the country – for filing complaints that may pertain to our ministers, military or some authority figure, for noticing injustice and speaking up. And don’t tell me the media doesn’t face oppression – please don’t refer to the Daily Mirror and the Sunday Leader and tell me that journalists aren’t in trouble. Don’t go there.
We have no truth, we have no closure – there are no numbers, no figures, no statistics, no facts – and a lot of the battle still continues. It may not be on the front-lines, but people and human lives are being destroyed as a consequences of this war, every day. Yes, still. So the next time you want to say it’s over, really think about it. What part of it is over and what part of it still lives on? What part of it still remains unresolved?
Don’t perpetuate this culture of sweeping it under the rug, Indi. You’re better than that. You’re smarter than that. The state is expending all its energy pretending like nothing bad ever happened, or is happening – so please don’t make their job any easier. They don’t want to admit to any grief, they don’t want to admit to any trauma – they don’t want to acknowledge that this country paid a great price for their victory and continues to do so every day – so please don’t aid their argument. Don’t confuse whatever petty disagreement you may have with Sanjana or with Groundviews for what’s really going on. If you want to discredit Groundviews, you’re free to do so – but don’t make it about anything else. Don’t pull propaganda on your readers – don’t perpetuate the notion that everyone who has a problem is abroad. That’s bullshit and you know it.
If this counts – I’m Sri Lankan, I live in Sri Lanka and I don’t think the war is over.
What’s your point here? You’ve off hand dismissed Indi’s arguments and then gone on to make a laundry list of problems, both real & imaginary, that this country faces. But many of these problems are one’s that indi acknowledges. And it sounds really silly you dismiss another’s ‘opinion’ off hand to merely replace that with your own unqualified ‘opinion’. indi at least offered a semblance of perspective & substance to back up his claims.
To add to that, all this talk about roofs, freedom of movement & closure really fails to capture the actual needs of the people who live deep inside former LTTE territories.
I know the need for closure appeals to our soppy sentiments, but these people have been in need of closure for the last 30 years. Talking to those people what you get is their sense of relief beyond anything else. They’ve been living in hell for the last 30 years. Whatever they lost in the last phase of the war was just another period of suffering in a continuum of suffering. And now that suffering is over. They want to move on.
The same thing can be said about freedom of movement these people have never had any real freedom of movement all their lives, this is especially true of those who lived inside LTTE controlled areas. It is only now that they have any semblance of a freedom of movement, and they acknowledge that.
The real economic needs of those people are not the need for roofs or doors. They are more than capable of setting up something for themselves, although there are some communities that have formed dependency relationships with NGOs. What they need is electricity, running water, irrigation equipment, agriculture subsidies, transportation infrastructure, supply lines, equitable market places for their produce & other similar things that cannot be provided unless there is government or massive private sector involvement. The government has actually done a fairly decent job getting some of these much needed services to these people. There is gross mismanagement & negligence by the government as well. with the development of road infrastructure the private sector is now penetrating these areas slowly. All the noise that the colombo liberrazzi crowd makes about economic needs is woefully misdirected. All I see are generic sound bites. It’s almost like a fashion statement.
[...] wrote this as a comment to Indi’s post, The War is Over, Tell Your Friends. Indi makes what seems to be a petty issue with Groundviews and with Sanjana Hattotuwa into a [...]
The war is over. That’s not an extreme statement.
1. breakfast = cost of living, economic concerns
2. Referencing newspapers is better than referencing nothing
3. I agree with all of those bread and butter concerns. Excepting detainee rights,
nonefew of them are directly war related.The war is over. People in Sri Lanka are moving on to the underlying issues that war has obscured. This is hard, but ultimately good. Certainly better than war.
Things don’t necessarily improve just because they can’t get any worse.
You are correct. But at the same time things cannot improve unless things stop getting any worse.
[...] As mentioned, however, I never asked Groundviews for anything. I picked up the phone and called Sanjana Hattotuwa. I thought we both understood the tech despite disagreeing on politics. So why is that private conversation coming up on Groundviews? Why is he using that account to try and blacklist me instead of his own name? Why is he trying to blacklist me at all? Simply for disagreeing with him? [...]